European Federation

European Union

Council of Europe

Schengen Area

The Schengen Area

EU member states that are obliged to join the area

Countries with open borders

European Economic Area

European Union (provisionally applied in Croatia)

Iceland, Norway (without Svalbard) and Liechtenstein

The European Federation, also referred to as the United States of Europe (USE), European State,^[1]^[2] or Federal Europe, is a hypothetical scenario of European integration leading to the formation of a sovereign superstate (similar to the United States), organised as a federation of the member countries of the European Union (EU), as contemplated by political scientists, politicians, geographers, historians, futurologists and fiction writers. At present, while the EU is not a federation, various academic observers regard it as having some of the characteristics of a federal system.^[3]

^ Jones, Eric (4 August 2003). The European Miracle: Environments, Economies and Geopolitics in the History of Europe and Asia. Cambridge University Press. p. 107. ISBN 978-0-521-52783-5.
^ Phillips, D.; Ertl, Hubert (30 June 2003). Implementing European Union Education and Training Policy: A Comparative Study of Issues in Four Member States. Springer. p. 44. ISBN 978-1-4020-1292-1.
^ Kelemen, R Daniel (September 2005). "Built to Last? The durability of EU federalism" (PDF). In Meunier, Sophie; McNamara, Kate (eds.). Making History: State of the European Union. Vol. 8. (University of Oxford). Oxford University Press. p. 52. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 January 2013.

[1] Jones, Eric (4 August 2003). The European Miracle: Environments, Economies and Geopolitics in the History of Europe and Asia. Cambridge University Press. p. 107. ISBN 978-0-521-52783-5.

[2] Phillips, D.; Ertl, Hubert (30 June 2003). Implementing European Union Education and Training Policy: A Comparative Study of Issues in Four Member States. Springer. p. 44. ISBN 978-1-4020-1292-1.

[Keleman-3] Kelemen, R Daniel (September 2005). "Built to Last? The durability of EU federalism" (PDF). In Meunier, Sophie; McNamara, Kate (eds.). Making History: State of the European Union. Vol. 8. (University of Oxford). Oxford University Press. p. 52. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 January 2013.

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